Original article | International Journal of Language and Education Research 2024, Vol. 6(2) 211-233
A Comparative Study of Address Forms in English and Persian Movies
Mojgan Asgari
pp. 211 - 233 | Manu. Number: MANU-2403-16-0001.R1
Published online: August 30, 2024 | Number of Views: 5 | Number of Download: 21
Abstract
The way someone calls or addresses someone else additionally referred to address terms. There are numerous ways on how someone address someone else like using title, first name, surname, last name, etc. This study aimed to identify the variation and function of address terms used in five American and five Persian movies. In addition, it aimed to investigate if there were any significant difference in the types and functions of address terms used by the characters in Persian and English movies .To reach the goals of this study, a corpus including five Iranian and five American English address forms was selected .Wardhaugh’s (2015) model for categorizing address terms and Chaika’s (1982) model for classifying functions of address terms were employed. The results revealed that the highest frequency of the address forms in English and Iranian movies belonged to the class of Giving tu which includes First name, - Full name, - Nickname, - Kinship terms with 24.10% and 24.56%, respectively. In addition, the results of a Chi-square test revealed a significant difference between the two corpora in terms of their frequency (p< .05). Functional analysis of the English corpus revealed that the main function for which the address terms were employed in English movies was showing respect followed by showing power differences as well as showing intimacy. Moreover, the first dominant function of address term was showing respect followed by showing power differential and showing intimacy. Finally, the results of a Chi-square revealed a significant difference between the two corpora in terms of their function (p< .05). Language learners should be encouraged by instructors to develop and enhance the necessary social skills to interact with other interactents in different situations effectively.
Keywords: Address terms, American movies, Iranian movies, Pragmatics, Sociolinguistics
| How to Cite this Article? |
|---|
|
APA 6th edition Harvard Chicago 16th edition |
| References |
|---|
|
Adhytama, A. (2019). Address Terms Used in Barry Jenkins’ The Moonlight Movie; A Sociolinguistic Analysis. Afzali, K. (2011). The address forms of spouses in different social strata in Iran and its sociolinguistic implications. International Journal of Linguistics, 3(1), 1-9. Anggridani, D. P. (2019). Intimacy And Distance As Observed In Kinship And Address Form Among Families Living In Karang Raden, North Lombok (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Mataram). Austin, J. L., & Warnock, G. J. (1962). Sense and sensibilia (Vol. 83). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Allami, H., & Boustani, N. (2017). Pragmatic awareness of suggestions: From (im) polite mannerism to attitudinal appropriateness. Research in English Language Pedagogy, 5(2), 112-132. Bawarshi, A. S., & Reiff, M. J. (2010). Genre: An introduction to history, theory, research, and pedagogy. Parlor Press LLC. Bachman, L. F. (1990). Fundamental considerations in language testing. Oxford university press. Blum-Kulka, S. (1987). Indirectness and politeness in requests: Same or different?. Journal of pragmatics, 11(2), 131-146. Bowen, J. T., & Chen, S. L. (2001). The relationship between customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. International journal of contemporary hospitality management. Birounrah, B., & Fahim, M. (2015). The impact of sex on the choice of forms of address in the speech form of Tehran Persian. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 9(8), 1402-1406. Cook, H. M., & Burdelski, M. (2008). Language socialization in Japanese. Encyclopedia of language and education, 8, 313-326. Denil, M. (2019). The Forms Of Kinship Term In Minangkabau language Used By Nagari Simawang Society. Tell-Us J. Teaching-English-Linguistics-Literatur-usage, 5(1). Etaywe, A. S. M. A Sociolinguistic Study of Husband-to-Wife Address Forms and Functions in Rural Jordanian Community. Fraser, N. (1990). Rethinking the public sphere: A contribution to the critique of actually existing democracy. Social text, (25/26), 56-80. Gazor, M., & Mokhtari, F. (2013). Volume-preserving normal forms of Hopfzero singularity. Nonlinearity, 26(10), 2809. Gu, Y. (1990). Politeness phenomena in modern Chinese. Journal of pragmatics, 14(2), 237-257. Ghoorchaei, B., Derakhshan, A., & Ebrahimi, A. (2021). An Evaluation of English Textbook “Prospect 2”: Teachers and Teacher Educators’ Perceptions in the Spotlight. Journal of Modern Research in English Language Studies, 8(2), 90-59. Haqsari, R. D. (2017). A Sociolinguistic Analysis Of Address Terms Uttered By The Characters In James Marsh’s The Theory of Everything Movie. Sastra Ingres-Quill, 6(1), 89-103. Haqsari, R. D. (2017). A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Address Terms Uttered By The Characters In James Marsh’s The Theory Of Everything Movie. Sastra Inggris-Quill, 6(1), 89-103. Iragiliati, E. (2006). Politeness, forms of address and communicative codes in Indonesian medical discourse. Bahasa dan seni, 34(1), 19-36. Ide, S. (1989). Formal forms and discernment: Two neglected aspects of universals of linguistic politeness. Kithulgoda, E., & Mendis, D. (2020). From analysis to pedagogy: Developing ESP materials for the Welcome Address in Sri Lanka. English for Specific Purposes, 60, 140-158. Khazaie, S., Khodabandeh, F., & Nemati, S. (2020). A Comparative Study of Address Forms in English and Persian Social and Political TV Talk Shows Broadcast by VOA and Press TV. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 3(4), 11-24. Keshavarz, M. H. (2001). The role of social context, intimacy, and distance in the choice of forms of address. Manjulakshi, L. (2004). Modes of address in Kannada: A sociolinguistic study of language use in Mysore District. Languages in India, 4. Maharani, P. S., & Nurafifah, N. L. (2020). Political Communication: Social Media Strengths and Threats in the 2019 General Election. Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review, 5(2), 292-306. McDonald, D. W., Javanmardi, S., & Zachry, M. (2011, October). Finding patterns in behavioral observations by automatically labeling forms of wikiwork in barnstars. In Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on wikis and open collaboration (pp. 15-24). Moghaddam, A. S., Yazdanpanah, L., & Abolhassanizadeh, V. (2013). The Analysis of Persian Address Terms Based on the Theory of Politeness. SKASE Journal of theoretical Linguistics, 10(3). Modaresi, R., & Müller, D. B. (2012). The role of automobiles for the future of aluminum recycling. Environmental science & technology, 46(16), 8587-8594. Marrelli, J. M. V. (1990). Friederike Braun, Terms of address: Problems of patterns and usage in various languages and cultures.(Contributions to the Sociology of Language 50.) Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1988. Pp. xiv+ 374. Journal of Linguistics, 26(1), 265-274. Mukhaeron, M. (2008). A Descriptive Study on The Use of American-English Address Terms In The Movie Entitled “Blood Diamond”, A Sociolinguistics Approach (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta). Nalendra, A. R. A., Wulandari, A., Khoirunnada, M., Susanti, I. D., & Putra, O. P. (2018). An analysis of addressing term in used in the Love Rosie movie. Progressive Journal, 13(2), 71-78. Poss, K. D., Thomas, M. J., Ebralidze, A. K., O'Dell, T. J., & Tonegawa, S. (1995). Hippocampal long-term potentiation is normal in heme oxygenase-2 mutant mice. Neuron, 15(4), 867-873. PRATIWI, M. N. (2010). A Comparative Study Between English And Indonesian Address System Used In Novel Entitled Twilight Saga And Laskar Pelangi Tetralogy (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta). Qin, X. (2014). Exploring the impact of culture in five communicative elements: Case of intercultural misunderstandings between Chinese and American. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 34, 1404-1634. Özcan, F. H. (2016). Choice of address terms in conversational setting. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 982-1002. Rau, D. H. V., & Rau, G. (2016). Negotiating personal relationship through email terms of address. In Email discourse among Chinese using English as a lingua franca (pp. 11-36). Springer, Singapore. Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. (2002). Longman dictionary of applied linguistics and language teaching. Harlow, UK: Longman. Ritchie, W. C., & BHATIA, T. (2013). 15 Social and Psychological Factors in Language Mixing. The handbook of bilingualism and multilingualism, 375. Rajagopalan, K. (2000). On Searle [on Austin] on language. Language & Communication, 20(4), 347-391. Swales, J. (1996). Occluded genres in the academy. Academic writing, 45-58. Sari, A. F., & Ariatmi, S. Z. (2020). Address Terms Used In Aristocratic Movie: Sociolinguistic Study (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta). Samarah, A. Y. (2015). Politeness in Arabic Culture. Theory & Practice in Language Studies, 5(10). Toni, A. (2020). Address Terms and Addressivity. The International Encyclopedia of Linguistic Anthropology, 1-4. Ugorji, C. U. C. (2009). Reflections on address politeness in Igbo family. International Journal of Language Society and Culture, 27, 54-62. Widiatmaja, A. (2014). A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Address Terms Performed by the Main Character in Runaway Jury Movie. Bachelor thesis, UNY Yogyakarta. Yang, X. (2010). Address forms of English: rules and variations. Journal of language teaching and research, 1(5), 743. |
