Research article | Open Access
International Journal of Language and Education Research 2025, Vol. 7(3) 117-131
Culture, Art and Sports Teachers’ Cultural Intelligence in Primary Schools in Mbarali District: A Situational Analysis
pp. 117 - 131
Publish Date: December 31, 2025 | Single/Total View: 4/3 | Single/Total Download: 4/3
Abstract
The government of Tanzania through the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology did a scrupulous revision of the curriculum in 2023 stressing on competency-based teaching and learning, vocational training, digitalization and inclusivity. New and improved subjects were designed including Culture, Art and Sports (CAS). This subject is taught and learnt from pre-primary to tertiary education. This paper argues that for Culture, Art and Sports to be successfully taught and learnt, there is a need for the teachers of this subject to possess high level of cultural intelligence about the communities they are deployed to serve. This is based on the fact that for a meaningful delivery of lessons to take place, the teaching and learning process must be based on the “known-unknown maxim” which assumes that teaching should shape up from what learners know to what they do not know. It is obvious, learners are exposed to the knowledge and experiences found in their very immediate environment including, but not limited to: songs, dance, music, painting, circus, sculpture, craft, greeting, eating and dressing styles and related customs and traditions. This being the case, all the pedagogical activities ought to begin and revolve around what the learners are cognizant about. This makes the possession of high level of Cultural Intelligence for CAS teachers imperative and inevitable. This fact was established through one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions with CAS teachers and parents in the study area. The results show clearly that teachers in the study area are not culturally knowledgeable about the culture of the Sangu people.
Keywords: Culture, Art and Sports (CAS), Cultural Intelligence (CQ), Sangu Customs and Traditions.
APA 7th edition
Kalenge, M.J. (2025). Culture, Art and Sports Teachers’ Cultural Intelligence in Primary Schools in Mbarali District: A Situational Analysis. International Journal of Language and Education Research, 7(3), 117-131.
Harvard
Kalenge, M. (2025). Culture, Art and Sports Teachers’ Cultural Intelligence in Primary Schools in Mbarali District: A Situational Analysis. International Journal of Language and Education Research, 7(3), pp. 117-131.
Chicago 16th edition
Kalenge, Michael Joel (2025). "Culture, Art and Sports Teachers’ Cultural Intelligence in Primary Schools in Mbarali District: A Situational Analysis". International Journal of Language and Education Research 7 (3):117-131.
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